Monday, February 18, 2013

Pengukuran Kinerja Berbasis Risiko (Risk Adjusted Performance Measurement)

Pendekatan dalam praktek manajemen risiko telah memasuki era baru. Pada awalnya manajemen risiko dilakukan suatu pendekatan parsial pada masing-masing unit dalam perusahaan (silo-approach), kini telah menggunakan metode yang terintegrasi secara enterprise-wide atau dikenal dengan Enterprise Risk Management (ERM).

COSO (2004) mendefinisikan ERM dalam konteks yang luas dalam suatu organisasi sebagai “a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management, and other personal, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives.” Dari definisi ERM menurut COSO tersebut, dapat dilihat bahwa salah satu tujuan ERM adalah untuk menyediakan suatu keyakinan yang logis dalam pencapaian tujuan dari sebuah organisasi. Definisi ERM menurut COSO tersebut dapat dilengkapi oleh suatu definisi ERM menurut Chapman (2006), bahwa ERM adalah “a comprehensive and integrated framework for managing company-wide risk in order to maximize a company’s value.”
Dari kedua definisi tersebut, dalam konteks sebuah perusahaan dapat ditarik suatu intisari, bahwa Enterprise Risk Management merupakan metode komprehensif dan terintegrasi dalam mengelola risiko yang dihadapi oleh suatu perusahaan untuk memberikan keyakinan yang logis bagi pencapaian sasaran strategis perusahaan. Tujuan utama dari ERM adalah untuk menciptakan nilai tambah (added value) yang maksimal bagi shareholder perusahaan tersebut.

Wednesday, April 11, 2012

Pengen Tau Kendaraan Anda Seharusnya Memakai BBM Ber-Oktan Berapa?

 PREMIUM adalah bahan bakar minyak jenis distilat berwarna kekuningan yang jernih. Premium merupakan BBM untuk kendaraan bermotor yang paling populer di Indonesia. Premium di Indonesia dipasarkan oleh Pertamina dengan harga yang relatif murah karena memperoleh subsidi dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara. Premium merupakan BBM dengan oktan atau Research Octane Number (RON) terendah di antara BBM untuk kendaraan bermotor lainnya, yakni hanya 88. Pada umumnya, Premium digunakan untuk bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor bermesin bensin, seperti: mobil, sepeda motor, motor tempel, dan lain-lain.

Monday, March 26, 2012

Proyek Sumur Bor Rumah Sendiri

Tanpa basa basi dan segala teori.. inilah pengalaman yang saya alami sendiri ketika memasang, mengorder, atau kata lain yg lebih sesuai, pembuatan sumur bor di rumah saya sendiri.. kurang lebihnya mohon maaf karena ini hanya based on pengalaman sendiri.

Pada dua hari tiga hari kemarin sebelum blog ini diposting, pengerjaan sumur bor akhirnya dimulai. Jum'at pagi sekira pukul 8.00 pagi mata bor pertama ditancapkan seiring bacaan do'a dari si ketua proyek ngebor. Saya dengar itu sepertinya do'a yg sudah lumrah untuk meminta kelancaran dan keselamatan serta hasil air yang bagus yang diharapkan. Saya pun ikut duduk dan membaca alfatihah.

Saturday, October 22, 2011

Understanding OBD II on My Vehicle

DTC Anatomy



Types of DTC's

There are two categories of DTC's that apply to OBDII. They are listed below with Type A being the more severe.
Type A

  1. Emissions related.
  2. Requests illumination of the MIL after one failed driving cycle.
  3. Stores a freeze frame DTC after one failed driving cycle.


Type B

  1. Emissions related.
  2. Sets a Pending Trouble Code after one failed driving cycle.
  3. Clears a Pending Trouble Code after one successful driving cycle.
  4. Turns on the MIL after two consecutive failed driving cycles.
  5. Stores a freeze frame after two consecutive failed driving cycles.



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Thursday, October 20, 2011

Reset ECU Grand Livina secara Manual

From Technosquare website:

Please read all instructions and be familiar with them before any attempts.
A stop watch or an analog clock with a second’s needle will be useful.

1. ECU Resetting Procedures

Timing is extremely critical. If it is NOT DONE within the specify time, the ECU will not reset and the Check Engine Light (CEL) will continue to remain ON. A stop watch or an analog clock with a second’s needle will be useful.

Operations Procedures

1. Confirm that accelerator pedal is fully released, turn ignition switch “ON” and wait 3 seconds.
2. Repeat the following steps (2a and 2b) procedures quickly five times within 5 seconds.
2a. Fully depress the accelerator pedal (HARD).
2b. Fully release the accelerator pedal.
3. Wait 7 seconds, fully depress the accelerator pedal and keep it for approx. 10 seconds until the CEL starts blinking.
4. Fully release the accelerator pedal (while the CEL is still blinking)
5. Wait about 10 second.
6. Fully depress the accelerator pedal and keep it for more than 10 seconds.
7. Fully release the accelerator pedal (The CEL light will continue to blink).
8. Turn ignition switch to “OFF” position and now you can start the car. The CEL light should be gone.
If the CEL light continues to remain ON, repeat the above steps. Timing is EXTREMELY critical to resetting the ECU.

Edit: Added the "Easy Method" for ECU Reset

The Easy Method:

After experimenting with different timing, and reading posts by other members, I've come up with a condensed method of doing this reset. This method works EVERY time, even w/o a stopwatch. I've used this method successfully a dozen times, or so, now w/o a watch. After a few times, you won't need a watch or instructions. You'll get so darn good at it, you'll find yourself doing it while waiting at a traffic light.

Timing is not as critical with this method...no stop watch needed. Just count in your head...one-one thousand, two-one thousand, etc, or use stop watch. The most critical step is step #3....wait 10 sec, instead of 7.

1. Ignition "ON", count to 3.
2. Depress/Release pedal 5 times...hard and fast.
3. Count to 10 (not 7!) and fully depress pedal
4. Count to 12 (SES should be blinking), release pedal
5. Count to 10, depress pedal
6. Count to 10, release pedal.
7. Turn off ignition, then start engine. Done!


2. Accelerator Pedal Release Position Learning

Operation Procedure

1. Make sure that the accelerator pedal is fully released.
2. Turn ignition switch “ON” and wait at least 2 seconds.
3. Turn ignition switch “OFF” wait at least 10 seconds.
4. Turn ignition switch “ON” and wait at least 2 seconds.
5. Turn ignition switch “OFF” wait at least 10 seconds.

3. Throttle Valve Closed Position Learning

Operation Procedures

1. Make sure that accelerator pedal is fully released.
2. Turn ignition switch is “ON”.
3. Turn ignition switch is “OFF” wait at least 10 seconds.
Make sure that the throttle valve moves during above 10 seconds by confirming the operating sound.


4. Idle Air Volume Learning (Throttle Position Learning)

Preparation

Before performing Idle Air Volume Learning, make sure that all of the following conditions are satisfied. Learning will be cancelled if any of the following conditions are missed for even a moment.
  • Battery voltage: More than 12.9V (At idle)
  • Engine coolant temperature: 70 - 100 C (158 - 212 F)
  • Park/neutral position (PNP) switch: ON (Shifter in Park or Neutral)
  • Electric load switch: OFF (Air conditioner, headlamp, rear window defogger)
  • Steering wheel: Neutral (Straight-ahead position)
  • Vehicle speed: Stopped
  • Transmission: Warmed-up (Drive vehicle for 10 minutes.)

It is better to count the time accurately with a clock.

Operation Procedures

1. Perform “Accelerator Pedal Released Position Learning”.
2. Perform “Throttle Valve Closed Position Learning”.
3. Start engine and warm it up to normal operating temperature.
4. Turn ignition switch “OFF” and wait at least 10 seconds.
5. Confirm that accelerator pedal is fully released, turn ignition switch “ON” and wait 3 seconds.
6. Repeat the following (steps 7a, 7b) procedures quickly five times within 5 seconds.
7a. Fully depress the accelerator pedal (HARD)
7b. Fully release the accelerator pedal.
8. Wait 7 seconds, fully depress the accelerator pedal and keep it for approx. 20 seconds until the Check Engine Light (CEL) stops blinking and turned ON.
9. Fully release the accelerator pedal within 3 seconds after the CEL is ON.
10. Start engine and let it idle.
11. Wait 20 seconds.
12. Rev up the engine two or three times and make sure the idle speed and ignition timing are within the specifications.

Idle speed = 650 ± 50 rpm (in P or N position)

(www.nissanhelp.com)

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